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Market segmentation theory
Market segmentation theoryA biased expectations theory that asserts that the shape of the yield curve is determined by the supply of and demand for securities within each maturity sector. RELATED TERMS-------------------------------------- Yield The rate of income an investor receives from a security; to produce or provide income. Supply The willingness and ability to offer goods and services for sale. Securities Saleable papers, traded on stock exchanges, that yield an income (dividend, interest, etc.). Maturity 1) The length of time until the principal amount of a bond must be repaid. 2) The end of the life of a security. Sector Used to characterize a group of securities that are similar with respect to maturity, type, rating, industry, and-or coupon. SIMILAR TERMS-------------------------------------- MARK SENSING Limited MARK SENSING Limited is a large Australian company in the field of materials. Their Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) code is MPI. Markdown The difference between the highest current bid price among broker-dealers in the market and the lower price that a dealer charges a customer. Marked to market An accounting process by which the price of securities held in an account are valued each day to reflect the closing price, or market quote if the last sale is outside of the market quote. Markel Markel is a top United States corporation in the field of insurance, and its estimated market value is 3,520 million US dollars. Market 1) The total demand for a good. 2) The set of all actual and potential buyers of a good or service. 3) The place where people buy and sell. 4) The process by which buyers and sellers of goods, services and factors of production interact to determine prices and quantifies. Market analysis An analysis of technical corporate and market data used to predict movements in the market. Market arbitrage Purchasing and selling the same security at the same time in different markets to take advantage of a price difference between the two separate markets. Market average A measure of the overall price level of a given market, as defined by a specified group of stocks or other securities. Market based corporate governance system Organization of a corporation whereby the supervisory board represents a dispersed set of largely equity shareholders. Market based forecasting Analyzing future spot rates on the basis of a market-determined exchange rate. MARKET BASKET Credit Union MARKET BASKET is a credit union with head office in NEDERLAND, TX Market book ratio Market price of a share divided by book value per share. Market cannibalization The negative impact of a company's new product on the sales performance of its existing related products. Market capitalization The sum of a corporation's long-term debt, stock and retained earnings. also called invested capital. Market capitalization rate Expected return on a security. The market-consensus estimate of the appropriate discount rate for a firm's cash flow. Market challenger The company with the second-largest market share. Market check An investigation typically conducted by an investment banking firm, on behalf of a target's Board of Directors (or Special Committee) as part of a process to determine whether a proposed price for the target (or its assets) is fair. Market clearing Total demand for loans by borrowers equals total supply of loans from lenders. Market conversion price Also called conversion parity price, the price that an investor effectively pays for common stock by purchasing a convertible security and then exercising the conversion option. Market correction A relatively short-term drop in stock market prices, generally viewed as bringing overpriced stocks back to a level closer to companies' actual values. Market cycle The period between the two latest highs or lows of the S&P 500, showing net performance of a fund through both an up and a down market. Market disruption A situation where markets cease to function in a regular manner, typically characterized by rapid and large market declines. Market economy One in which prices and quantifies are determined by supply and demand. Market efficiency The degree to which stock prices reflect all available, relevant information. Market exposure The amount of funds invested in a particular type of security and-or market sector or industry and usually expressed as a percentage of total portfolio holdings. Market eye A financial information service based in the U.K. sponsored by the ISE (International Stock Exchange of the UK and the Republic of Ireland) that provides current market and statistical information. Market failures Situations in which free competition and the effects of supply and demand do not operate (e.g. monopolies and oligopolies, and externalities). Market follower A small company in a market, which presents no threat to the market leader. Market if touched (MIT) A price order, below market if a buy or above market if a sell, that automatically becomes a market order if the specified price is reached. Market impact costs The result of a bid-ask spread and a dealer's price concession. Also called price impact costs. Market index An aggregate value produced by combining several stocks or other investment vehicles together and expressing their total value against a base value from a specific date. Market interest rate Rates of interest paid on deposits and other investments, determined by the interaction of the supply of and demand for funds in the money market. Market internalization advantages Conditions that allow a corporation to exploit the failure of an arm's length market to deliver goods or services efficiently. Market is off A common phrase meaning that the market (or a major market index) is trading below the previous closing price. Market is up A common phrase meaning the market (or a major market index) is trading higher than the previous closing price. Market jitters Feelings of nervousness created by uncertainty or fear about the current investment environment. Market leader The company with the largest market share. Market letter A newsletter analyzing the market that is written by an SEC-registered investment adviser who sells the letter to subscribers. Market maker A market maker is a dealer on the London Stock Exchange, who acts as a wholesaler (i.e. quotes buy and sell prices to brokers) for the shares in which he is registered to trade as a principal. Market maker spread The difference between the price at which a Market Maker is willing to buy a security and the price at which the firm is willing to sell it (the difference between the bid and ask for a given security). Market maker to market marker A term used by the London Stock Exchange to denote that a transaction was between two market makers registered in the security in question. Market makers Wholesalers in stocks and shares who make a market (obliged to deal in all circumstances with brokers). Market maven Slang used to describe a good investor who is "in-the-know." It also implies opinion leadership. Market microstructure The functional setup of a market. Market model The market model says that the return on a security depends on the return on the market portfolio and the extent of the security's responsiveness as measured by beta. Market momentum A measure of overall market sentiment, calculated as the change in the value of a market index multiplied by the aggregate trading volume occurring within the index components. Market neutral A strategy undertaken by a person or fund attempting to profit from the current direction of the market. A person using the strategy will take both long and short positions at the same time. Market not held order This is a market order - i.e. an order to buy or sell securities at the best price - but with the crucial difference that the broker has discretion to execute the order when he feels it is best. Market on close (MOC) order An order to trade stocks, options, or futures as close as possible to the market close. Market opening The start of formal trading on an exchange. Market order An order to buy or sell securities or commodities at the best price with immediate effect. Market order go-along-participating Used for listed equity securities. Market out clause A clause that may appear in an underwriting firm commitment that releases it from its purchase requirement if there are negative securities market developments. Market penetration-share Used in the context of general equities. Percent of trading volume in a stock that a particular market maker trades. Market Performance Committee (MPC) A group of NYSE market oversight specialists who monitor specialists' efficiency in maintaining fair prices and orderly markets. Market portfolio A portfolio consisting of all assets available to investors, with each asset held in proportion to its market value relative to the total market value of all assets. Market price The price for a security. As far as stocks are concerned, there are two market prices: the bid price and the offer price. Market price equilibrium The price at which the amount that buyers wish to buy equals the amount that sellers wish to sell. Market price of risk A measure of the extra return, or risk premium, that investors demand to bear risk. The reward-to-risk ratio of the market portfolio. Market research A technical analysis of factors such as volume, price trends, and market breadth that are used to predict price movement. Market return The return on the market portfolio. Market risk The day-to-day potential for an investor to experience losses from fluctuations in securities prices. Market risk premium The difference between the expected return on a market portfolio and the risk-free rate. Market RRR (required rate of return) schedule A line that indicates the minimum return required by investors at each level of investment risk. The schedule begins at the risk-free interest rate and rises as risk increases. Market sectors The classifications of bonds by issuer characteristics, such as state government, corporate, or utility. Market sentiment The feeling or tone of a market (i.e. crowd psychology). It is shown by the activity and price movement of the securities. Market share The percentage of total industry sales that a particular company controls. Market standing A company's position in a market - whether it is the leader, a close challenger, or one of many market followers. Market Supervision and Surveillance Department The department of the London Stock Exchange which ensures that trading in listed companies takes place in an orderly and fair manner. Market sweep A second offering following a tender offer, allowing institutional investors to obtain a controlling interest at a price higher than the original offer. Market Technicians Association A not-for-profit organization located in the US that promotes ethical trading practices among technical analysts. Market timer A money manager who assumes he or she can forecast when the stock market will go up and down. Market timing Any attempt to use past prices and other market-generated data to accurately forecast or prophesy future prices of securities or indexes, whether long-term or intra-day, consistently and persistently. Market timing costs Costs that arise from price movement of a stock during a transaction period but attributable to other activity in the stock. Market tone The general state of well-being of a securities market, based mostly on trading activity. MARKET USA Credit Union MARKET USA is a credit union with head office in LAUREL, MD Market value How much an asset would be worth if sold today. Market value added The difference between the market value of a company and the capital contributed by investors (both bondholders and shareholders). Market value adjustments Market value adjustments is the amount deducted from or added to a stable value product when it is terminated prior to its stated maturity date. Market value event Market value event refers to any event or occurrence outside the normal operation of the plan that has or will have a financial impact on the issuer of a stable value product. Market value ratios Ratios that relate the market price of the firm's common stock to selected financial statement items. Market versus quote A comparison between the last price at which a security traded and the current bid-ask prices. Market with protection order A type of market order that is canceled and re-submitted as a limit order if the price of the asset moves dramatically after the investor places the order. Market-book ratio A company's stock market value relative to the amount invested by shareholders. Marketability A negotiable security is said to have good marketability if there is an active secondary market in which it can easily be resold. Marketable securities Very liquid securities that can be converted into cash quickly at a reasonable price. Marketable title A clear, reasonably incontestable title to a piece of real estate that is good for transaction purposes. Marketed claims Claims that can be bought and sold in financial markets, such as those of stockholders and bond holders. Marketing The activities of a company associated with buying and selling a product or service. It includes advertising, selling and delivering products to people. MARKETPLACE Credit Union MARKETPLACE is a credit union with head office in JACKSONVILLE, FL Marketplace price efficiency The degree to which the prices of assets reflect the available market place information. Marking to market Settling or reconciling changes in the value of futures contracts on a daily basis. Also refers to the practice of reporting the value of assets on a market rather than book value basis. Marking up or down The amount by which a securities dealer raises or lowers the price of a stock or bond due to changes in demand and supply. Markovian dependence The condition where observations in a time series are dependent on previous observations in the near term. Markowitz diversification A strategy that seeks to combine in a portfolio assets with returns that are less than perfectly positively correlated, in an effort to lower portfolio risk (variance) without sacrificing return. Markowitz efficient frontier The graphical depiction of the Markowitz efficient set of portfolios representing the boundary of the set of feasible portfolios that have the maximum return for a given level of risk. Markowitz efficient portfolio Also called a mean-variance efficient portfolio, a portfolio that has the highest expected return at a given level of risk. Markowitz efficient set of portfolios The collection of all efficient portfolios, which can be graphed as the Markowitz efficient frontier. Markowitz, Harry Nobel laureate in economics. Father of portfolio theory. Marks & Spencer Marks & Spencer is a top British corporation in the field of retailing, and its estimated market value is 11,110 million US dollars. Marks and Numbers Identifying symbols and numbers placed by the shipper on each piece of cargo in a shipment. Marks and Spencer Marks and Spencer is a major British company. MARKS and SPENCER PLC MARKS and SPENCER PLC is one of the world's largest corporations in the multiline retail sector. Its head office is in Great Britain. Markup The difference between an investment's lowest current offering price among dealers and the higher price a dealer charges a customer. PREVIOUS AND NEXT TERMS-------------------------------------- Market return The return on the market portfolio. Market risk The day-to-day potential for an investor to experience losses from fluctuations in securities prices. Market risk premium The difference between the expected return on a market portfolio and the risk-free rate. Market RRR (required rate of return) schedule A line that indicates the minimum return required by investors at each level of investment risk. The schedule begins at the risk-free interest rate and rises as risk increases. Market sectors The classifications of bonds by issuer characteristics, such as state government, corporate, or utility. Market segmentation theory Market sentiment The feeling or tone of a market (i.e. crowd psychology). It is shown by the activity and price movement of the securities. Market share The percentage of total industry sales that a particular company controls. Market standing A company's position in a market - whether it is the leader, a close challenger, or one of many market followers. Market Supervision and Surveillance Department The department of the London Stock Exchange which ensures that trading in listed companies takes place in an orderly and fair manner. Market sweep A second offering following a tender offer, allowing institutional investors to obtain a controlling interest at a price higher than the original offer. We thank you for using the Financial Dictionary to search for Market segmentation theory. If you have a better definition for Market segmentation theory than the one presented here, please let us know by making use of the suggest a term option. This definition of Market segmentation theory may be disputed by other professionals. Our attempt is to provide easy definitions on Market segmentation theory and any other medical topic for the public at large.
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